ʻO ke kūkulu kūpono, kuʻihao maʻalahi.
ʻO ka paʻakikī maikaʻi loa, ke kū ʻana o ke aniau, ke kūpaʻa wela haʻahaʻa.
Kūʻokoʻa kūpikipiki kūʻokoʻa, ka helu haʻahaʻa o ka wai kai haʻahaʻa, a me ka permeability maikaʻi.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa kūpale i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe e like me acid, alkali, paʻakai, ʻaila, a pēlā aku.
Hana maikaʻi anti-seepage a me ka waiwai paʻa kiʻekiʻe.